References briefly identify the source of information for readers, and enables readers to locate the source in the alphabetical reference list at the end of the article.
Each time you quote a source directly, paraphrase an idea, or refer to something that another person said or wrote identify the original source by inserting the author's last name and the date within the text of your paper.
Each source you cite must also appear in the reference list at the end of your paper.
Give page numbers for direct quotations.
Note that any sentence punctuation comes after the closing parenthesis.
Ganing support from teahers and parents can be difficult:
We have found that teachers may exhibit resistance to the idea of a child leaving class to
“play” if a child is not progressing well academically or if a child has exhibited behavioral problems in the classroom. Starting the academic year with a brief staff development training explaining play therapy,listing its emotional and behavioral benefits, and sharing how the program will be implemented helps to initiate teacher support of the program.
To ensure and grow support, we recommend that the school psychologist conduct
consistent consultations on a monthly basis (approximately every 3–5 sessions) with teachers of children in play therapy. (Landreth, Ray, & Bratton, 2011, p. 284)
If the author's name is used in the text, only the date needs to be inside parentheses. When both the author and the date are used in the citation, separate them with a comma.
If the author's last name and the date both happen to appear in the text, there is no need to give further reference.
You need to include the year only once when referring to a particular study within a paragraph as long as the study will not be confused with other studies.
When referring to a particular part of a source, give the page number, chapter, figure, or table at the appropriate place in the text. Abbreviate page but not chapter.
When a work has more than two authors and fewer than six, cite all the authors the first time the reference occurs; subsequently, only the last name of the first author followed by "et al." and the year.
If there are six or more authors, cite only the first author and replace the rest with the abbreviation "et al."
When citing two authors in the text, join their names by the word "and." In parenthetical material, in tables, and in the reference list, join the names by an ampersand (&):
If you are referring to a source cited by another author, use the following form:
Note: Be sure to list Kagan's work, not Ainsworth's, in your reference list, since you found the information in Kagan.